Location: Southwestern half of Eyre Peninsula; west to Cape Radstock, north to beyond Minnipa; east to near Darke Peak; west of Cleve and halfway between Carrow and Franklin Harbor; at Port Lincoln, Mount Hope, Coffin Bay, and Elliston. They principally inhabited the coastal scrub gum tree (Eucalyptus) forest country. Pressure from Pangkala was causing a contraction to southwest at time of first white settlement; their protohistoric boundary ran from about the Gawler Ranges to Port Augusta; extinct; all my data from Wirangu and Pangkala informants.
Co-ordinates: 135°30'E x 33°45'S
Area: 8,000 sq. m. (20,100 sq. km.)
References: Grey, 1844; Schumann, 1844, 1846, 1879; Angas, 1847; Wilhemi, 1860; Bull, 1878; Clode in Taplin, 1879; East, 1889; Howitt, 1904; Strehlow, 1910; Tindale, 1940 and MS.
Alternative Names: Njau, Njao, Ngao (pronunciation of a Pangkala man in 1939), Nawo, Naua, Nowo, Gnowoo, Kadu (= man), Battara (['bat:ara] = scrubby gum), Wiljaru (of Pangkala tribe, means 'westerners'), Willuro, Hilleri (Howitt on his 1904 map at p. 44 placed the name Hilleri incorrectly; his text is more correct; the term had a derogatory meaning somewhat like the term Aluritja in central Australia and implied they came out of the Western Desert), Kartawongulta (name of language).